1. Lawndale Capital Management LLC ("Lawndale") is the investment adviser and general partner of Diamond A Partners, L. P. ("DAP"). Andrew E. Shapiro is Lawndale's manager and controlling owner. These securities are held directly by DAP for the benefit of its investors. The securities may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Lawndale as the investment adviser and general partner of DAP and by Mr. Shapiro as the control person of Lawndale. Each of Lawndale and Mr. Shapiro disclaims beneficial ownership of such securities except to the extent of that person's pecuniary interest therein. This Form 4 is being filed on behalf of Lawndale and Mr. Shapiro, and Mr. Shapiro is executing it individually and as manager of Lawndale.

2. Mr. Shapiro holds these securities directly.